Anchor(faq58)

Can bash handle binary data?

The answer is, basically, no.

While bash won't have as many problems with it as older shells, it still can't process arbitrary binary data, and more specifically, shell variables are not 100% binary clean, so you can't store binary files in them.

One instance where such would sometimes be handy is storing small temporary bitmaps while working with netpbm... here I resorted to adding an extra pnmnoraw to the pipe, creating (larger) ASCII files that bash has no problems storing).

If you are feeling adventurous, consider this experiment:

    # bindec.bash, attempt to decode binary data to ascii decimals
    IFS=
    while read -n1 x ;do
        case "$x" in
            '') echo empty ;;
            # insert the 256 lines generated by the following oneliner here:
            # for x in $(seq 0 255) ;do echo "        $'\\$(printf %o $x)') echo $x;;" ;done
        esac
    done

and then pipe binary data into it, maybe like so:

    for x in $(seq 0 255) ;do echo -ne "\\$(printf %o $x)" ;done | bash bindec.bash | nl | less

This suggests that the 0 character is skipped entirely, because we can't create it with the input generation, enough to conveniently corrupt most binary files we try to process.

Note that this refers to storing them in variables... moving data between programs using pipes is always binary clean. Temporary files are also safe, as long as [#faq62 appropriate precautions] are taken when creating them.