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| Redirecting the standard output of a single command is as easy as | Redirecting the standard output of a single command is as easy as: |
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| In a loop or other larger code structure: | or, a fancier way: |
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| for i in $list; do | # Bash only. Equivalent to date > file 2>&1 but non-portable. date &> file }}} Redirecting an entire loop: {{{ for i in "${list[@]}"; do |
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| Otherwise command grouping helps: | (See [[BashFAQ/106|FAQ 106]] for more complex script logging techniques.) Otherwise, command grouping helps: |
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| # some other command | # some other commands |
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| [[http://bash-hackers.org/wiki/doku.php/syntax/redirection|More discussion]] | [[http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/redirection|More discussion]] |
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| [[http://bash-hackers.org/wiki/doku.php/howto/redirection_tutorial|In-depth: Illustrated Tutorial]] | [[http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/howto/redirection_tutorial|In-depth: Illustrated Tutorial]] ---- CategoryShell |
How can I redirect the output of multiple commands at once?
Redirecting the standard output of a single command is as easy as:
date > file
To redirect standard error:
date 2> file
To redirect both:
date > file 2>&1
or, a fancier way:
# Bash only. Equivalent to date > file 2>&1 but non-portable.
date &> fileRedirecting an entire loop:
for i in "${list[@]}"; do
echo "Now processing $i"
# more stuff here...
done > file 2>&1However, this can become tedious if the output of many programs should be redirected. If all output of a script should go into a file (e.g. a log file), the exec command can be used:
# redirect both standard output and standard error to "log.txt"
exec > log.txt 2>&1
# all output including stderr now goes into "log.txt"(See FAQ 106 for more complex script logging techniques.)
Otherwise, command grouping helps:
{
date
# some other commands
echo done
} > messages.log 2>&1In this example, the output of all commands within the curly braces is redirected to the file messages.log.
In-depth: Illustrated Tutorial