Diff for "BashFAQ/011"

Differences between revisions 4 and 39 (spanning 35 versions)

How can I print the n'th line of a file?

One dirty (but not quick) way is:

   1 sed -n "${n}p" "$file"

But this reads the entire file even if only the third line is desired, which can be avoided by using the q command to quit on line $n, and deleting all other lines with the d command:

   1 sed "${n}q;d" "$file"

Another method is to grab lines starting at n, then get the first line of that.

   1 tail -n "+$n" "$file" | head -n 1

Another approach, using AWK:

   1 awk -v n="$n" 'NR==n{print;exit}' "$file"

If more than one line is needed, it's easy to adapt any of the previous methods:

   1 x=3 y=4
   2 sed -n "$x,${y}p;${y}q;" "$file"                # Print lines $x to $y; quit after $y.
   3 head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "$((y - x + 1))"   # Same
   4 head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "+$x"            # If your tail supports it
   5 awk -v x="$x" -v y="$y" 'NR>=x{print} NR==y{exit}' "$file"        # Same

Or a counter with a simple read loop:

   1 # Bash/ksh
   2 m=0
   3 while ((m++ < n)) && read -r _; do
   4     :
   5 done
   6 
   7 head -n 1

To read into a variable, it is preferable to use read or mapfile rather than an external utility. More than one line can be read into the given array variable or the default array MAPFILE by adjusting the argument to mapfile's -n option:

   1 # Bash4
   2 mapfile -ts "$((n - 1))" -n 1 x <"$file"
   3 printf '%s\n' "$x"

-  ⇤ ← Revision 4 as of 2007-09-20 20:04:28 → 
  Size: 1042
  Editor: 55
  Comment:
+   ← Revision 39 as of 2020-05-07 08:35:17 → ⇥
  Size: 1685
  Editor: intranet
  Comment: fix awk code injection
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 1:
-[[Anchor(faq11)]]
+<<Anchor(faq11)>>
 Line 3:
-The dirty (but not quick) way would be:
{{{
    sed -n ${n}p "$file"
+One dirty (but not quick) way is:

{{{#!highlight bash
sed -n "${n}p" "$file"
-Line 8:
+Line 9:
-but this reads the whole input file, even if you only wanted the third line.
+But this reads the entire file even if only the third line is desired, which can be avoided by using the `q` command to quit on line `$n`, and deleting all other lines with the `d` command:
-Line 10:
+Line 11:
-This one avoids that problem:
{{{
    sed -n "$n{p;q;}" "$file"
+{{{#!highlight bash
sed "${n}q;d" "$file"
 Line 15:
-At line $n the command "p" is run, printing it, with a "q" afterwards: quit the program.
+Another method is to grab lines starting at `n`, then get the first line of that.
 Line 17:
-Another way, more obvious to some, is to grab the last line from a listing of the first ''n'' lines:
{{{
   head -n $n $file | tail -n 1
+{{{#!highlight bash
tail -n "+$n" "$file" | head -n 1
-Line 22:
+Line 21:
-Another approach, using ["AWK"]:
{{{
   awk "NR==$n{print;exit}" file
+Another approach, using [[AWK]]:

{{{#!highlight bash
awk -v n="$n" 'NR==n{print;exit}' "$file"
 Line 27:
-If you want more than one line, it's pretty easy to adapt any of the previous methods:
+If more than one line is needed, it's easy to adapt any of the previous methods:
 Line 29:
-{{{
   sed -n "$x,${y}p;${y}q;" "$file"                # Print lines $x to $y; quit after $y.
   head -n $y "$file" | tail -n $(($y - $x + 1))   # Same
   awk "NR>=$x{print} NR==$y{exit}"                # Same
+{{{#!highlight bash
x=3 y=4
sed -n "$x,${y}p;${y}q;" "$file"                # Print lines $x to $y; quit after $y.
head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "$((y - x + 1))"   # Same
head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "+$x"            # If your tail supports it
awk -v x="$x" -v y="$y" 'NR>=x{print} NR==y{exit}' "$file"        # Same
-Line 35:
+Line 37:
-Using cat(1) (and grep(1) (and cut(1))):
+Or a counter with a simple `read` loop:
-Line 37:
+Line 39:
-{{{
   cat -n file | grep '^  *<number of line>' | cut -f 2
+{{{#!highlight bash
# Bash/ksh
m=0
while ((m++ < n)) && read -r _; do
    :
done

head -n 1
-Line 40:
+Line 48:
+To read into a variable, it is preferable to use `read` or `mapfile` rather than an external utility. More than one line can be read into the given array variable or the default array `MAPFILE` by adjusting the argument to mapfile's -n option:

{{{#!highlight bash
# Bash4
mapfile -ts "$((n - 1))" -n 1 x <"$file"
printf '%s\n' "$x"
}}}

=== See Also ===
 * [[BashFAQ/001]]
 * http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/commands/builtin/mapfile
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CategoryShell