Diff for "BashFAQ/010"

Differences between revisions 24 and 26 (spanning 2 versions)

How can I recreate a directory hierarchy structure, without the files?

With the cpio program:

   1 cd "$srcdir" &&
   2 find . -type d -print | cpio -pdumv "$dstdir"

or with the pax program:

   1 cd "$srcdir" &&
   2 find . -type d -print | pax -rwdv  "$dstdir"

or with bash 4's globstar

   1 shopt -s globstar && cd -- "$srcdir" && dirs=(**/) && cd -- "$dstdir" && mkdir -p -- "${dirs[@]}"

or with zsh's special globbing:

   1 zsh -ec '
   2 cd -- "$srcdir"
   3 dirs=(**/*(/ND))
   4 cd -- "$dstdir"
   5 mkdir -p -- $dirs[@]'

or with GNU tar, and more verbose syntax:

   1 cd "$srcdir" &&
   2 find . -type d -print | tar c --files-from - --no-recursion |
   3   tar x --directory "$dstdir"

This creates a list of directory names with find, non-recursively adds just the directories to an archive, and pipes it to a second tar instance to extract it at the target location. As you can see, tar is the least suited to this task, but people just adore it, so it has to be included here to appease the tar fanboy crowd. (Note: you can't even do this at all with a typical Unix tar. Also note: there is no such thing as "standard tar", as both tar and cpio were intentionally omitted from POSIX in favor of pax.)

All but the bash globstar and zsh solutions above will fail if directory names contain newline characters. On many modern BSD/GNU systems, at least, they can be trivially modified to cope with that, by using find -print0 and one of pax -0 or cpio -0 or tar --null (check your system documentation to see which of these commands you have, and which extensions are available).

If you want to create stub files instead of full-sized files, the following is likely to be the simplest solution. The find command recreates the regular files using "dummy" files (empty files with the same timestamps):

   1 cd "$srcdir" &&
   2 find . -type f -exec sh -c \
   3   'dstdir=$1; shift; for i; do touch -r "$i" "$dstdir"/"$i"; done' _ "$dstdir" {} +

If your find can't handle -exec + then you can use \; instead of + at the end of the command. See UsingFind for explanations.

CategoryShell

-  ⇤ ← Revision 24 as of 2015-03-05 00:26:24 → 
  Size: 2394
  Editor: izabera
  Comment: syntax hl
+   ← Revision 26 as of 2016-08-04 18:06:42 → ⇥
  Size: 2293
  Editor: marylou
  Comment:
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 15:
+or with bash 4's `globstar`
{{{#!highlight bash
shopt -s globstar && cd -- "$srcdir" && dirs=(**/) && cd -- "$dstdir" && mkdir -p -- "${dirs[@]}"
}}}
-Line 33:
+Line 38:
-All but the zsh solution above will fail if directory names contain newline characters.  On many modern BSD/GNU systems, at least, they can be trivially modified to cope with that, by using `find -print0` and one of `pax -0` or `cpio -0` or `tar --null` (check your system documentation to see which of these commands you have, and which extensions are available).
+All but the bash globstar and zsh solutions above will fail if directory names contain newline characters.  On many modern BSD/GNU systems, at least, they can be trivially modified to cope with that, by using `find -print0` and one of `pax -0` or `cpio -0` or `tar --null` (check your system documentation to see which of these commands you have, and which extensions are available).
-Line 45:
+Line 50:
-Or use `find` with `xargs`:

{{{#!highlight bash
find "$src" -type d | sed "s@^$src@@g" | (cd "$dst" && xargs -n1 mkdir)
}}}

(This solution is not recommended, as it fails if `$src` contains any `@` characters, or any characters that have special meaning to `sed`.)