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<<TableOfContents>> | ||||<tablewidth="100%"style="text-align:left">~+GNU '''__B__'''ourne-'''__A__'''gain __'''SH'''__ell+~ || ||<99% style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center"><<Include(/description)>> <<Include(/invocation, "Invocation", 2, from="^----$")>> <<Include(/statement, "Statements", 2, from="^----$")>> <<Include(/builtin, "Builtin Commands", 2, from="^----$")>> <<Include(/syntax, "Syntax", 2, from="^----$")>> <<Include(/execution, "Execution", 2, from="^----$")>> ||<style="text-align:right"><<TableOfContents>> || |
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= BASH = GNU - __B__ourne-__A__gain __SH__ell |
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[[/execution]] | [[bash/description]] |
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---- <<Include(/statement, "Statements", 2, from="^----$")>> ---- <<Include(/builtin, "Builtin Commands", 2, from="^----$")>> |
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== Readline == ---- |
GNU Bourne-Again SHell |
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Bash is a POSIX shell (sh(1) compatible) command interpreter. Many useful features have been added with inspiration drawn from the Korn & C shells. New and unique extensions are occasionally added to the shell. There is also support for custom run-time extensions via the enable builtin command. Bash may be compiled to be POSIX compliant by default as specified by the Shell and Utilities portion of the POSIX specification (IEEE Standard 1003.1). 1. Invocation
2. ModesGNU bash may be started in any combination of various invocation modes. These modes control:
3. Interactive Shell4. Login Shell
5. POSIX Mode
6. Command String
7. Interactive Shell
7.1. Command Line
7.2. Prompting
7.3. Completion
7.4. History
7.5. Job Control
8. Shell Script
9. Command File
10. Command Stream
11. Restricted Shell
12. Options
12.1. -c CommandString-c [options] -- CommandString [ARG0 [ARG...]]
12.2. -i
Include: Nothing found for "^----$"! 12.3. -lpragma section-numbers 1 Contents
12.4. Invocation Option l
12.5. -r
12.6. -s12.7. -D
12.8. -O ShoptOption | +O ShoptOption-O ShoptOption | +O ShoptOption
12.9. --debugger
12.10. --dump-po-strings
12.11. --dump-strings
12.12. --help
Include: Nothing found for "^----$"! 12.13. --init-fileContents
12.14. Invocation Option --rcfile--rcfile FILE | --init-file FILE
12.15. --rcfile--rcfile FILE | --init-file FILE
12.16. --login
12.17. --noediting
12.18. --noprofile
12.19. --norc
12.20. --posix
12.21. --restricted
13. Environment
14. Files
14.1. Bash Binary
14.2. /etc/profile
14.3. ~/.bash_profile
14.4. ~/.bashrc
14.5. ~/.profile
14.6. ~/.bash_logout
14.7. ~/.inputrc15. StatementsAlso called "Compound Commands".
15.1. while
15.2. for in
15.3. for
15.4. if
15.5. case
15.6. until
15.7. group
15.8. subshell
15.9. Conditional
15.10. Arithmetic
15.11. select
15.12. coprocess
15.13. Function Definition16. Builtin Commands
16.1. : (colon)17. Syntax
17.1. Alias
17.2. Expansion
17.3. Redirection
17.4. Comment
17.5. List
17.6. Pipeline
17.7. Simple Command
17.8. Metacharacter
17.9. Reserved Words
17.10. Compound Command
17.11. Coprocess
17.12. Function Definition
17.13. Functions
17.14. Arithmetic Evaluation
17.15. Conditional Expressions18. Execution
18.1. Environment
18.2. Parameters
18.3. Working Directory
18.4. Functions
18.5. Open Files
18.6. Traps
18.7. umask
18.8. Options
18.9. Alias
18.10. OS process context
18.11. Exit Status
19. Subshell |
Contents
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20. Invocation
20.1. Modes
GNU bash may be started in any combination of various invocation modes. These modes control:
- The source from which to interpenetrate commands:
- user's terminal
- shell script
- command string
- file contents
- standard input
- POSIX compatibality
- Login shell mode
- Security settings
- Restricted Shell access
20.1.1. Interactive Shell
20.1.2. Login Shell
- Login Shell
20.1.3. POSIX Mode
20.1.4. Command String
20.1.5. Interactive Shell
20.1.5.1. Command Line
20.1.5.2. Prompting
20.1.5.3. Completion
20.1.5.4. History
20.1.5.5. Job Control
20.1.6. Shell Script
20.1.7. Command File
20.1.8. Command Stream
20.1.9. Restricted Shell
- Bash invocation modes.
20.2. Options
20.2.1. -c CommandString
-c [options] -- CommandString [ARG0 [ARG...]]
- commands are read from the first non-option argument (required)
$0 is set as the second non-option argument defaulting to "bash"
all remaining non-option arguments are assigned to the positional parameters starting at $1
[[ $- =~ c ]] will return true
20.2.2. -i
force the shell into Interactive Mode
[[ $- =~ i ]] will return true
[[ ${PS1+set} = 'set' ]] will return true
Include: Nothing found for "^----$"!
20.2.3. -l
pragma section-numbers 1
Contents
20.2.4. Invocation Option l
act as a Login Shell
--login must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.5. -r
act as a Restricted Shell
20.2.6. -s
20.2.7. -D
- A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $ is printed on the standard output. These are the strings that are subject to language translation when the current locale is not C or POSIX. This implies the -n option; no commands will be executed.
20.2.8. -O ShoptOption | +O ShoptOption
-O ShoptOption | +O ShoptOption
- shopt_option is one of the shell options accepted by the shopt builtin (see SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS below).
- If shopt_option is present, -O sets the value of that option; +O unsets it.
- If shopt_option is not supplied, the names and values of the shell options accepted by shopt are printed on the standard output.
- If the invocation option is +O, the output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
20.2.9. --debugger
- Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell starts.
- Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the extdebug option to the shopt builtin below).
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.10. --dump-po-strings
- Equivalent to -D, but the output is in the GNU gettext po (portable object) file format.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.11. --dump-strings
- A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $ is printed on the standard output. These are the strings that are subject to language translation when the current locale is not C or POSIX. This implies the -n option; no commands will be executed.
20.2.12. --help
- Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
Include: Nothing found for "^----$"!
20.2.13. --init-file
Contents
20.2.14. Invocation Option --rcfile
--rcfile FILE | --init-file FILE
- Execute commands from file instead of the standard personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive (see INVOCATION below).
- An argument of --init-file is equivalent to --rcfile.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.15. --rcfile
--rcfile FILE | --init-file FILE
- Execute commands from file instead of the standard personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive (see INVOCATION below).
- An argument of --init-file is equivalent to --rcfile.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.16. --login
act as a Login Shell
--login must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.17. --noediting
- Do not use the GNU readline library to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.18. --noprofile
- Do not read either the system-wide startup file /etc/profile or any of the personal initialization files ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile.
- By default, bash reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see INVOCATION below).
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.19. --norc
- Do not read and execute the personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive.
- This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as sh.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.20. --posix
- Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (posix mode).
- See SEE ALSO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
- These options must appear on the command line before the single-character options to be recognized.
20.2.21. --restricted
act as a Restricted Shell
20.3. Environment
- env
20.4. Files
20.4.1. Bash Binary
20.4.2. /etc/profile
20.4.3. ~/.bash_profile
20.4.4. ~/.bashrc
20.4.5. ~/.profile
20.4.6. ~/.bash_logout
20.4.7. ~/.inputrc
21. Statements
Also called "Compound Commands".
21.1. while
21.2. for in
21.3. for
21.4. if
21.5. case
21.6. until
21.7. group
21.8. subshell
21.9. Conditional
21.10. Arithmetic
21.11. select
21.12. coprocess
21.13. Function Definition
22. Builtin Commands
22.1. : (colon)
23. Syntax
23.1. Alias
23.2. Expansion
23.3. Redirection
23.4. Comment
23.5. List
23.6. Pipeline
23.7. Simple Command
23.8. Metacharacter
23.9. Reserved Words
23.10. Compound Command
23.11. Coprocess
23.12. Function Definition
23.13. Functions
23.14. Arithmetic Evaluation
23.15. Conditional Expressions
24. Execution
24.1. Environment
24.2. Parameters
24.3. Working Directory
24.4. Functions
24.5. Open Files
24.6. Traps
24.7. umask
24.8. Options
24.9. Alias
24.10. OS process context
24.11. Exit Status
25. Subshell