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Comment: by limcore.com woot?
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[[Anchor(faq35)]] | <<Anchor(faq35)>> |
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# Bash | |
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-h|--help) show_help; exit 0;; | -h|--help|-\?) show_help; exit 0;; |
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--) shift; break;; -*) echo "invalid option: $1"; show_help;exit 1;; |
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# Now all of the remaining arguments are the filenames which followed # the optional switches. You can process those with "for i" or "$@". |
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Now all of the remaining arguments are the filenames which followed the optional switches. You can process those with `for i` or `"$@"`. | |
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For more complex/generalized cases, or if you want things like "-xvf" to be handled as three separate flags, you can use getopts. ('''NEVER use getopt(1)!''') | For more complex/generalized cases, or if you want things like "-xvf" to be handled as three separate flags, you can use `getopts`. ('''NEVER use getopt(1)!''') |
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Here is a simplistic getopts example: | Here is a simplistic `getopts` example: |
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x=1 # Avoids an error if we get no options at all. | # POSIX x=1 # Avoids an error if we get no options at all. |
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shift $((x-1)) | shift $(($x-1)) |
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If your prefer to check options with IFs quickly then: |
If your prefer to check options with `if` statements, then a function like this one may be useful: |
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function HaveOpt { needle=$1 |
# Bash HaveOpt() { local needle=$1 |
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--) return 1; # stop now, since -- by convention is end of option arguments | --) return 1; # by convention, -- is end of options |
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return 1; | return 1 |
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if HaveOpt --quick "$@"; then echo "Option quick is set"; fi }}} and it will work if script is run as: |
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May be useful. Use if like: HaveOpt --quick $* && echo "Option quick is set" |
* YES: ./script --quick * YES: ./script -other --quick but will stop on first argument with no "-" in front (or on --): |
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and it will work if script is run as: YES: ./script --quick YES: ./script -other --quick but will stop on first no minus argument (or --) NO: ./script -bar foo --quick NO: ./script -bar -- --quick }}} |
* NO: ./script -bar foo --quick * NO: ./script -bar -- --quick Of course, this approach (iterating over the argument list every time you want to check for one) is far less efficient than just iterating once and setting flag variables. |
How can I handle command-line arguments to my script easily?
Well, that depends a great deal on what you want to do with them. Here's a general template that might help for the simple cases:
# Bash while [[ $1 == -* ]]; do case "$1" in -h|--help|-\?) show_help; exit 0;; -v) verbose=1; shift;; -f) output_file=$2; shift 2;; --) shift; break;; -*) echo "invalid option: $1"; show_help;exit 1;; esac done
Now all of the remaining arguments are the filenames which followed the optional switches. You can process those with for i or "$@".
For more complex/generalized cases, or if you want things like "-xvf" to be handled as three separate flags, you can use getopts. (NEVER use getopt(1)!)
Here is a simplistic getopts example:
# POSIX x=1 # Avoids an error if we get no options at all. while getopts "abcf:g:h:" opt; do case "$opt" in a) echo "You said a";; b) echo "You said b";; c) echo "You said c";; f) echo "You said f, with argument $OPTARG";; g) echo "You said g, with argument $OPTARG";; h) echo "You said h, with argument $OPTARG";; esac x=$OPTIND done shift $(($x-1)) echo "Left overs: $@"
If your prefer to check options with if statements, then a function like this one may be useful:
# Bash HaveOpt() { local needle=$1 shift while [[ $1 == -* ]]; do case "$1" in --) return 1; # by convention, -- is end of options $needle) return 0;; esac shift done return 1 } if HaveOpt --quick "$@"; then echo "Option quick is set"; fi
and it will work if script is run as:
- YES: ./script --quick
- YES: ./script -other --quick
but will stop on first argument with no "-" in front (or on --):
- NO: ./script -bar foo --quick
- NO: ./script -bar -- --quick
Of course, this approach (iterating over the argument list every time you want to check for one) is far less efficient than just iterating once and setting flag variables.