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| Wery well! However, as you say, the pit lane signals are a very vital part of this activity which not many people like to do 1940s style kitchen appliances I've just been sitting around waiting for something to happen. http://ketchup85.free.bg/recipef82.html visine cocktail count, http://fairisle58.free.bg/recipeb12.html mid-states supply kitchen design wi, Best regards, | #pragma section-numbers 3 <<Anchor(faq21)>> == How can I replace a string with another string in a file? == We're trying to edit files, which means we need a file editor. Most systems come with a range of editors, but POSIX defines only two that we can use: `ed` and `ex`. '''Warning''': A lot of bad advice on the Internet will recommend `sed -i` or `perl -i` for this. While on the surface it may look like these tools modify your files, what they ''really'' do is recreate your file and delete the original. This has many downsides and is often very risky. Open handles are destroyed, certain metadata will get lost, a lot of excess disk I/O is involved, and depending on the implementation, interrupted operations may cause your file to get lost. Just use a file editor. `ed` is the standard UNIX command-based editor. `ex` is another POSIX command-based editor with syntax slightly similar to that of `sed`. Here are some commonly-used syntaxes for replacing the string `old` by the string `new` in a file named `file`. {{{ ex -sc '%s/old/new/ge|x' file ed -s file <<< $'g/old/s//new/g\nw\nq' }}} If you need to edit multiple files, `ex` can easily be combined with `find`. `ed` is hard to call from `find` since it takes commands as input. {{{ find . -type f -exec ex -sc '%s/old/new/ge|x' {} \; find . -type f -exec bash -c 'printf "%s\n" "g/old/s//new/g" w q | ed -s "$1"' _ {} \; }}} You may notice that this causes an `ex`/`ed` process per file. If your `ex` is provided by `vim` (NOT POSIX), you can optimize that into: {{{ find . -type f -exec ex -sc 'argdo %s/old/new/ge|x' {} + }}} This will run a single `ex` for as many files as fit on the command line. You can't do this with `ed`. |
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How can I replace a string with another string in a file?
We're trying to edit files, which means we need a file editor. Most systems come with a range of editors, but POSIX defines only two that we can use: ed and ex.
Warning: A lot of bad advice on the Internet will recommend sed -i or perl -i for this. While on the surface it may look like these tools modify your files, what they really do is recreate your file and delete the original. This has many downsides and is often very risky. Open handles are destroyed, certain metadata will get lost, a lot of excess disk I/O is involved, and depending on the implementation, interrupted operations may cause your file to get lost. Just use a file editor.
ed is the standard UNIX command-based editor. ex is another POSIX command-based editor with syntax slightly similar to that of sed. Here are some commonly-used syntaxes for replacing the string old by the string new in a file named file.
ex -sc '%s/old/new/ge|x' file ed -s file <<< $'g/old/s//new/g\nw\nq'
If you need to edit multiple files, ex can easily be combined with find. ed is hard to call from find since it takes commands as input.
find . -type f -exec ex -sc '%s/old/new/ge|x' {} \;
find . -type f -exec bash -c 'printf "%s\n" "g/old/s//new/g" w q | ed -s "$1"' _ {} \;You may notice that this causes an ex/ed process per file. If your ex is provided by vim (NOT POSIX), you can optimize that into:
find . -type f -exec ex -sc 'argdo %s/old/new/ge|x' {} +This will run a single ex for as many files as fit on the command line. You can't do this with ed.