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Size: 2466
Comment: $array in zsh is equivalent to ${array[*]}.
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Size: 2435
Comment: use nullglob with globstar. without nullglob and (( ${#dirs[@]} )), the script creates "$dstdir/**/" if "$srcdir/" is empty
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{{{ cd "$srcdir" && find . -type d -print | cpio -pdumv "$dstdir" |
{{{#!highlight bash cd "$srcdir" && find . -type d -print | cpio -dumpv "$dstdir" |
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| {{{#!highlight bash cd "$srcdir" && find . -type d -print | pax -rwdv "$dstdir" }}} |
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| {{{ cd "$srcdir" && find . -type d -print | pax -rwdv "$dstdir" |
or with GNU `tar`, and more verbose syntax: {{{#!highlight bash cd "$srcdir" && find . -type d -print | tar c --files-from - --no-recursion | tar x --directory "$dstdir" }}} This creates a list of directory names with `find`, non-recursively adds just the directories to an archive, and pipes it to a second `tar` instance to extract it at the target location. As you can see, `tar` is the least suited to this task, but people just adore it, so it has to be included here to appease the `tar` fanboy crowd. (Note: you can't even do this at all with a typical Unix `tar`. Also note: there is no such thing as "standard tar", as both `tar` and `cpio` were intentionally omitted from POSIX in favor of `pax`.) All the solutions above will fail if directory names contain newline characters. On many modern BSD/GNU systems, at least, they can be trivially modified to cope with that, by using `find -print0` and one of `pax -0` or `cpio -0` or `tar --null` (check your system documentation to see which of these commands you have, and which extensions are available). with find {{{#!highlight bash mkdir -p -- "$dstdir" && cd -- "$srcdir" && find . -type d -exec sh -c \ 'cd -- "$dstdir" && mkdir -- "$@"' sh {} + }}} or with bash 4's `globstar` {{{#!highlight bash shopt -s globstar nullglob && cd -- "$srcdir" && dirs=(**/) && (( ${#dirs[@]} )) && cd -- "$dstdir" && mkdir -- "${dirs[@]}" |
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{{{ zsh -ec ' cd -- "$srcdir" dirs=(**/*(ND)) cd -- "$dstdir" mkdir -p -- $dirs[@]' |
{{{#!highlight bash zsh -ec ' cd -- "$srcdir" dirs=(**/*(/ND)) cd -- "$dstdir" mkdir -- $dirs[@]' |
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| or with GNU `tar`, and more verbose syntax: {{{ cd "$srcdir" && find . -type d -print | tar c --files-from - --no-recursion | tar x --directory "$dstdir" }}} This creates a list of directory names with `find`, non-recursively adds just the directories to an archive, and pipes it to a second `tar` instance to extract it at the target location. As you can see, `tar` is the least suited to this task, but people just adore it, so it has to be included here to appease the `tar` fanboy crowd. (Note: you can't even do this at all with a typical Unix `tar`. Also note: there is no such thing as "standard tar", as both `tar` and `cpio` were intentionally omitted from POSIX in favor of `pax`.) All but the zsh solution above will fail if directory names contain newline characters. On many modern BSD/GNU systems, at least, they can be trivially modified to cope with that, by using `find -print0` and one of `pax -0` or `cpio -0` or `tar --null` (check your system documentation to see which of these commands you have, and which extensions are available). If you want to create stub files instead of full-sized files, with GNU [[UsingFind|find(1)]], the following is likely to be the simplest solution. The `find` command recreates the regular files using "dummy" files (empty files with the same timestamps): {{{ cd "$srcdir" && # use one of the above commands first, to make the directories, then: find . -type f -exec touch -r {} "$destination"/{} \; }}} Be aware, though, that according to POSIX, the behaviour of `find` is unspecified when `{}` is not standing alone in an argument. Because of this, the following solution is more portable (and probably faster...) than the previous: {{{ dstdir=whatever; export dstdir find . -type f -exec sh -c 'for i; do touch -r "$i" "$dstdir"/"$i"; done' _ {} + |
If you want to create stub files instead of full-sized files, the following is likely to be the simplest solution. The `find` command recreates the regular files using "dummy" files (empty files with the same timestamps): {{{#!highlight bash cd "$srcdir" && DSTDIR=$dstdir find . -type f -exec sh -c \ 'for i do touch -r "$i" "$DSTDIR/$i"; done' sh {} + |
How can I recreate a directory hierarchy structure, without the files?
With the cpio program:
or with the pax program:
or with GNU tar, and more verbose syntax:
This creates a list of directory names with find, non-recursively adds just the directories to an archive, and pipes it to a second tar instance to extract it at the target location. As you can see, tar is the least suited to this task, but people just adore it, so it has to be included here to appease the tar fanboy crowd. (Note: you can't even do this at all with a typical Unix tar. Also note: there is no such thing as "standard tar", as both tar and cpio were intentionally omitted from POSIX in favor of pax.)
All the solutions above will fail if directory names contain newline characters. On many modern BSD/GNU systems, at least, they can be trivially modified to cope with that, by using find -print0 and one of pax -0 or cpio -0 or tar --null (check your system documentation to see which of these commands you have, and which extensions are available).
with find
or with bash 4's globstar
or with zsh's special globbing:
If you want to create stub files instead of full-sized files, the following is likely to be the simplest solution. The find command recreates the regular files using "dummy" files (empty files with the same timestamps):
If your find can't handle -exec + then you can use \; instead of + at the end of the command. See UsingFind for explanations.