Diff for "BashFAQ/011"

Differences between revisions 28 and 34 (spanning 6 versions)

How can I print the n'th line of a file?

One dirty (but not quick) way is:

   1 sed -n "${n}p" "$file"

But this reads the entire file even if only the third line is desired, which can be avoided by using the q command to quit on line $n, and deleting all other lines with the d command:

   1 sed "${n}q;d" "$file"

Another method is to grab the last line from a listing of the first n lines. However, if the file has less than n lines, this will output the last line, unlike the other approaches which will have empty output.

   1 head -n "$n" "$file" | tail -n 1

Another approach, using AWK:

   1 awk "NR==$n{print;exit}" "$file"

If more than one line is needed, it's easy to adapt any of the previous methods:

   1 x=3 y=4
   2 sed -n "$x,${y}p;${y}q;" "$file"                # Print lines $x to $y; quit after $y.
   3 head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "$((y - x + 1))"   # Same
   4 head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "+$x"            # If your tail supports it
   5 awk "NR>=$x{print} NR==$y{exit}" "$file"        # Same

Or a counter with a simple read loop:

   1 # Bash/ksh
   2 m=0
   3 while ((m++ < n)) && read -r _; do
   4     :
   5 done
   6 
   7 head -n 1

To read into a variable, it is preferable to use read or mapfile rather than an external utility. More than one line can be read into the given array variable or the default array MAPFILE by adjusting the argument to mapfile's -n option:

   1 # Bash4
   2 mapfile -ts "$((n - 1))" -n 1 x <"$file"
   3 printf '%s\n' "$x"

-  ⇤ ← Revision 28 as of 2013-03-12 07:38:28 → 
  Size: 1793
  Editor: ormaaj
  Comment: Quotes
+   ← Revision 34 as of 2016-09-22 07:21:05 → ⇥
  Size: 1790
  Editor: geirha
  Comment: rewording previous edit
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 5:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
 Line 9:
-But this reads the entire file even if only the third line is desired, which can be avoided by printing line `$n` using the `p` command, followed by a `q` to exit the script:
+But this reads the entire file even if only the third line is desired, which can be avoided by using the `q` command to quit on line `$n`, and deleting all other lines with the `d` command:
 Line 11:
-{{{
sed -n "$n{p;q;}" "$file"
+{{{#!highlight bash
sed "${n}q;d" "$file"
 Line 15:
-Another method is to grab the last line from a listing of the first `n` lines:
+Another method is to grab the last line from a listing of the first `n` lines. However, if the file has less than `n` lines, this will output the last line, unlike the other approaches which will have empty output.
 Line 17:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
 Line 23:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
 Line 29:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
 Line 32:
-head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n $((y - x + 1))   # Same
+head -n "$y" "$file" | tail -n "$((y - x + 1))"   # Same
 Line 37:
-In Bash 4, `mapfile` can be used similarly to `head` while avoiding buffering issues in the event input is a pipe, because it guarantees the [[ FileDescriptor|fd ]] will be seeked to where you left it:

{{{
# Bash4
{ mapfile -n "$n"; head -n 1; } <"$file"
}}}
-Line 46:
+Line 39:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
-Line 58:
+Line 51:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
-Line 60:
+Line 53:
-mapfile -ts $((n-1)) -n 1 x <"$file"
+mapfile -ts "$((n - 1))" -n 1 x <"$file"

Diff for "BashFAQ/011"

How can I print the n'th line of a file?

See Also