This page is for any feedback on the BashGuide.  Feel free to ask any questions you want.

Q: I would like to cover bash in a course I will soon be teaching. May I use these materials for my course, provided the source is cited? Thanks for this excellent work, btw.

Absolutely.  Perhaps we should consider putting a license on these documents.  Creative commons something perhaps. - [[Lhunath]]

Q. The following suggestion can be harmful: echo 'PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"' >> "$HOME/.bashrc" If someone places a script named 'ls' in the bin directory of $HOME, you would be running it every time you typed 'ls', instead of running the builtin 'ls'. This can be harmful. I suggest echo 'PATH="$PATH:$HOME/bin"' >> "$HOME/.bashrc"

It is not harmful.  Anyone with write access to ~/bin will generally have write access to ~/.bashrc, so there is no additional loss of security here.  The original proposal also allows the user to wrap standard utilities, which yours cannot (in fact, that exactly why you proposed it).  I believe being able to wrap utilities can be very useful. - [[Lhunath]]

Feedback:  I could not understand the HereDocument page (found another source that helped) and I think the page could do with working examples and a more thorough explantion.  Rest of course is wonderful though, I learn so much today, thanks :)

==== Suggestion ====
First off, many thanks for providing the best online resource for learning Bash scripting. Secondly, I hope this page is the appropriate place to make this comment.

In a script, I want to check if there are files in a directory that matched a certain glob pattern. [[BashFAQ/004|Question 4, check whether a directory is empty or not]] provided the information that I was looking for. I haven't previously used arrays in Bash but it occurred to me that instead of `(( ${#files[*]} ))`, the following test might be easier (simpler syntax to remember) for beginners to use:

{{{
[[ ${files} ]]
}}}
From `man bash`, ''Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0.'' If the first array element is empty (or unset?), that should imply that the array itself is empty and that the glob pattern failed to match any files. I've done a few tests locally and it seems to work fine for me - though there may be some edge cases that I haven't considered. - AnthonyGeoghegan

Anthony,

The above test only works if `shopt -s nullglob` is set.  If it is not set (it's not set by default), then files=(*.txt) will put the string `*.txt` in `files`'s first element.  So `[[ $files ]]` will test `[[ "*.txt" ]]`.  It's also not very good style to use the side effect of treating an array as a string to expand the first element, it's a good idea to be explicit that you expect `files` to be an array and didn't just write a typo.  It's easy to think that the author that wrote `cp "$files" "$dir/"` intended to copy all the files, not just the first. [[Lhunath]]

 . I should have been more explicit that I was suggesting a change to the first code block on that page, i.e., after `shopt -s nullglob dotglob`. I'd already carried out experiments where there were no matches for the glob pattern so a literal asterisk was being tested for (which always returns as true). Anyhow, I agree with your point about style: it's better for code readability to be clear about what exactly is being tested. Thanks for the response - AnthonyGeoghegan

==== Has this page been hacked? ====
[[Arguments|http://mywiki.wooledge.org/Arguments]]

If so, could you kindly restore it? Thank you. -- [[Chandra]]

 . Some spammer had replaced it, yes. It has been reverted back to the previous version now. -- geirha

'''Q:''' In the Topic Brace Expansion the example {{{echo {/home/*,/root}/.*profile"}}} does not work for me(/home/* does not get expanded), bash Version 4.2.37. can u help?

 . Then either /home does not exist, or it exists but contains no files. If you're on OSX, the home directories are in /Users instead of /home.

'''Question about ''' `find`

I refer to the guide at [[Using Find|http://mywiki.wooledge.org/UsingFind]] and want to ask a question about the `prune` action in `find`.

The following commands work for me in the current directory ''without doing recursive descent,'' which is exactly what I want:

{{{
find .[!.]* -prune -type d # list dot directories

find .[!.]* -prune -type f # list dot regular files

find .[!.]* -prune -type l # list dot symbolic links

find [!.]* -prune -type d # list non-dot directories

find [!.]* -prune -type f # list non-dot regular files

find [!.]* -prune -type l # list non-dot symbolic links
}}}

Can you please add a section on the above page on `find` explaining why this works because it is a lot simpler than explained in the `find` documentation. If on the contrary, this usage is inadvisable, an explanation of why and the proper way to go about this will be helpful.

Thanks. --[[Chandra]]